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Zenshin Kokoro Aikido
Kai© Terminology Guide Remember that terminology can vary
from one school to another, for instance the wrist
grab attack known as ‘first form’ is also
known as katate
tori hantai or ai hamni. Yet first
form can also refer to a defence technique – ikkyo,
however, you should not be too concerned about this, just follow the guidance
you are given in the particular school you are in. We
are all human and none of us are perfect, any mistakes are unintentional. O’senséi -
great teacher, the customary reference to- Ueshiba Morihei- The founder of Aikidó
Dóshu – ‘Way leader’/’hereditary grandmaster’- the highest
position of the Aikikai, Hombu
(Aikidó World Headquarters) 1st Dóshu
- Ueshiba Morihei (b. 1883- d.
1969) 2nd Dóshu - Ueshiba Kisshomaru (b. 1921- d.
1999) 3rd Dóshu - Ueshiba Moriteru (b. 1951) Aikido – The Way to Harmonise Energies Ai – Harmony,
Unity, Principle of integration Ki – Life energy,
Heart, Spirit energy, (in Aikido practice, centralised and coordinated energy
in technique Do – Way, Path,
‘Lifelong Endeavour’ (equivalent to Tao in Chinese Arts) Aiki-Budo – An early name of the Art that eventually evolved
into Aikido Bu – Martial Budo – A martial Way Bu-Jutsu – A Martial Art Buki-waza – Weapons Techniques Bushi – Warrior / Samurai Bushido – The Way of the Samurai / Warrior; Code of Conduct Tai-jutsu – ‘Body Arts’ generally interpreted as Unarmed or Empty Hand techniques Shihan – Master
Instructor Shidoin – Instructor Fuku Shidoin – Assistant
Instructor Senséi –
teacher (usually dan grade- yudansha) Seito – pupil /
student Kyú –
student below dan grade (mudansha) Sempai – one with more Aikido experience Kóhai –
one with less Aikido experience Nage / Tori – person executing the technique(s) Uke – person initiating the attack Reishiki / Reigi – etiquette Rei / Ritsurei
- standing bow, Rei / Suwarei - kneeling bow Some
phrases you may hear Onegai shimasu- if you
please (let us train) Doomo
arigato gozaimashita – Thank you very much (for training with me) Doomo
arigato gozaimasu – Thank you very much Suwaru/suwarei –
kneel, kneeling bow Yoi –
prepare Hajime – begin -to commence training /
practice Yame -
stop –to stop whatever you are doing Gi - Martial arts training uniform
Consisting of – Uwagi –
jacket Zubon – pants Obi
- belt Hakama - divided skirt
(depending on the grade or school), as was worn by Samurai. Zori - sandals to keep feet clean when walking
to or from the mat. Dójó - ‘Place of the Way’ – the place where you
practice Tatami –
mats (approx. 3’(1m) x 6’(2m), several are placed to
together to form the practice area and often covered with a canvas type
material. The four sides of the practice area are: Kamiza – Upper Seat, Joseki – Upper Side, Shimoza
– Lower Seat, Shimoseki
– Lower side Táiso / Undo – Exercises In the majority of dojos,
after the rei has been taken and before commencing
practice of obvious martial techniques, it is customary, in order to minimise
the risk of injury, to have a ‘loosening up’ or ‘warm up session’ of taiso / undo (exercises). Dependent on the student’s
ability the exercises are done at an easy, up to moderate pace, in a ‘loose’
and relaxed manner. Do not go to extremes… the idea is to improve yourself…
not injure yourself. At the end of such a class it is sometimes customary to
have a ‘warm-down’ session, maybe including a short period of meditation or
focus exercise. More specific Aiki taiso (Aiki exercises) may be
included at any time in order to develop the ability of, and promote the
understanding of; posture, movement, balance, focus, ki,
and awareness Ukemi
waza – break-fall techniques & Kaiten waza - rolling techniques Zenpo kaiten ukemi – forwards oblique rolling
break-fall Zenpo
ukemi – forwards break-fall Koho kaiten ukemi – backwards, oblique roll Koho
ukemi – backwards, break-fall Sutemi –
‘sacrifice’ full oblique break-fall Yoko ukemi – side break-fall Kamae / Dachi -
basic Stances Hidari hamni – left foot/side forward Migi hamni – right foot/side forward Ai hamni –
tori & uke in identical stance Gyaku hamni – tori & uke in opposite stance Shizentai –
forward facing ‘natural’ or ‘neutral’ posture / stance Kiba dachi – riding horse stance Seiza –
traditional samurai kneeling position Suwari waza – kneeling (sometimes seated)
techniques Hanmi handachi – Nage
kneeling (/ seated) and uke standing Tai
sabaki – body placement, and Ashi
sabaki -
footwork Tai sabaki – body placement
Ayumi ashi – alt. step/walking
Okuri ashi – (widen stance by sliding
front foot forward then
slide rear foot to regain standard stance width)
Tsuri / Tsugi ashi – sliding step (rear foot up to lead foot and then lead foot forward
again)
Shikko – knee walking
Irimi –
entering, to enter Omote
(based on irimi)- towards,
forward, to the front. Tenkan –
turning away, to lead away in a circular motion Kaiten – a
circular move) Ura –
(based on tenkan) towards the rear. Uchi - inside Osoto -
outside Hidari – left Migi -
right Zengo undo – 180 degree pivot Tenshin –
moving sideways and back (obliquely) – off line of attack Tai sabaki taiso
– body placement principles and exercises Hara – centre Tai no henko – blending practice Awase – harmony / blending Musubi – tying up / uniting / blending Michibiki – leading Ma ai – maintaining/utilising correct
distance and timing Kuzushi – breaking uke’s
balance / posture Hazushi – breaking uke’s
grip Shikaku – ‘dead angle’ or ‘blind’ side Ketten –
deflect / parry Nobasu - extend
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